This
document describes exploratory and some detailed data analysis

Figure 1: Map of sediment
sample locations at Ashfield Flats for all sampling years 2019-2022.
Samples
were taken each year from 2019 to 2022 (Figure 1). Different sampling designs were implemented each
year depending on the perceived gaps in understanding of the site and the
learning objectives desired for the students involved. Apart from three
soil/sediment depth profiles in 2019, all samples were subaqueous or subaerial
surface sediments (0-10cm) from stormwater drains, wetland ponds (with or
without water), saltmarsh, or seasonally flooded woodland.
|
Table 1: First block of elements
|
|||||||||||
|
Stat |
pH |
EC |
Al |
As |
Ba |
Ca |
Cd |
Ce |
Co |
Cr |
Cu |
|
mean |
5.97e+00 |
9.81e+00 |
3.02e+04 |
8.44e+00 |
5.95e+01 |
3.68e+03 |
2.03e-01 |
9.17e+01 |
1.46e+01 |
4.90e+01 |
1.25e+02 |
|
sd |
8.74e-01 |
2.11e+01 |
1.34e+04 |
8.48e+00 |
3.02e+01 |
4.64e+03 |
2.36e-01 |
6.17e+01 |
1.27e+01 |
2.09e+01 |
1.30e+02 |
|
rsd |
14.6% |
215.1% |
44.4% |
100.5% |
50.8% |
126.1% |
116.3% |
67.3% |
87% |
42.7% |
104% |
|
0% |
3.160 |
0.014 |
888.000 |
0.400 |
4.600 |
470.000 |
0.015 |
2.200 |
1.800 |
1.800 |
2.000 |
|
50% |
6.00 |
6.59 |
31800.00 |
6.60 |
57.00 |
2320.00 |
0.12 |
82.40 |
12.00 |
54.30 |
79.00 |
|
100% |
8.36 |
280.00 |
64400.00 |
62.00 |
191.00 |
48500.00 |
1.60 |
271.00 |
110.00 |
84.00 |
1010.00 |
|
NAs |
32 |
33 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
1 |
98 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
8 |
|
Table 2: Second block of elements
|
||||||||||||
|
Stat |
Fe |
Ga |
Gd |
K |
La |
Li |
Mg |
Mn |
Mo |
Na |
Nd |
Ni |
|
mean |
41000.00 |
17.40 |
6.53 |
2490.00 |
45.20 |
27.90 |
3850.00 |
153.00 |
2.77 |
11600.00 |
35.10 |
19.40 |
|
sd |
20500.00 |
7.53 |
3.63 |
1340.00 |
28.60 |
15.50 |
2330.00 |
346.00 |
2.10 |
11000.00 |
21.70 |
8.31 |
|
rsd |
50% |
43.3% |
55.6% |
53.8% |
63.3% |
55.6% |
60.5% |
226.1% |
75.8% |
94.8% |
61.8% |
42.8% |
|
0% |
1560.0 |
-2.0 |
0.2 |
59.0 |
1.0 |
0.5 |
106.0 |
6.0 |
0.1 |
61.0 |
0.8 |
2.0 |
|
50% |
38600.00 |
17.60 |
6.28 |
2720.00 |
41.40 |
30.00 |
3720.00 |
81.00 |
2.00 |
10500.00 |
34.00 |
19.70 |
|
100% |
135000.0 |
40.7 |
18.0 |
5260.0 |
126.0 |
80.0 |
20700.0 |
3500.0 |
13.0 |
95800.0 |
98.0 |
50.0 |
|
NAs |
1 |
170 |
7 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
8 |
|
Table 3: Third block of elements
|
|||||||||||
|
Stat |
P |
Pb |
Rb |
S |
Sc |
Sr |
Th |
Ti |
V |
Y |
Zn |
|
mean |
650.00 |
60.70 |
37.60 |
5550.00 |
6.96 |
60.20 |
13.40 |
211.00 |
63.30 |
21.20 |
550.00 |
|
sd |
724.00 |
94.60 |
24.80 |
9150.00 |
3.49 |
50.20 |
6.51 |
81.70 |
24.50 |
15.00 |
1140.00 |
|
rsd |
111.4% |
155.8% |
66% |
164.9% |
50.1% |
83.4% |
48.6% |
38.7% |
38.7% |
70.8% |
207.3% |
|
0% |
26.0 |
3.3 |
0.6 |
225.0 |
0.1 |
2.3 |
0.4 |
47.2 |
2.3 |
0.4 |
11.2 |
|
50% |
454.0 |
40.0 |
41.2 |
2970.0 |
8.0 |
52.8 |
14.7 |
219.0 |
71.0 |
19.4 |
246.0 |
|
100% |
7020.0 |
831.0 |
88.0 |
76600.0 |
12.4 |
512.0 |
26.9 |
395.0 |
118.0 |
67.0 |
7560.0 |
|
NAs |
1 |
1 |
174 |
1 |
170 |
1 |
3 |
167 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
The elements of primary interest in this study
are the rare-earth (REE or lanthanide)
elements La, Ce, Nd, and Gd; Y (often considered
together with the REE); major elements considered to be useful proxies for
sediment parameters expected to affect geochemical reactions of REE: Al, Ca,
Fe, P and S. Aluminium (Al) is a proxy for clay minerals (although pXRD data show that other aluminosilicates are present,
such as feldspars and micas, these are resistant and less likely than the
phyllosilicate clays to report Al to an aqua regia digest). Calcium (Ca) is a proxy for carbonate minerals (since
silicate-bound Ca would also be resistant to dissolution in aqua regia). Iron (Fe) concentrations are a proxy for iron oxide (and possibly
iron sulfide) minerals. Phosphorus (P) is included since secondary REE
phosphates such as rhabdophane may be a REE sink. Sulfur (S) most likely
represents sulfate and sulfide minerals, would be expected to accumulate in
wet, reducing environments, and is strongly linked to acid sulfate soils.
Sediment pH and EC have numerous but not excessive missing observations and are included due to their substantial effects on sediment geochemical processes.
The trace elements As, Cu, Pb, and Zn are included as common inorganic contaminants. In addition, Pb may be immobilised in environments receiving acid sulfate soil drainage due to the insolubility of PbSO4. Thorium (Th) may be depleted in oxidised acid sulfate soils.
Note that several elements have too many missing observations to be useful: Cd, Ga, Rb, Sc, and Ti.
|
Table 4: Basic statistics for Drain Sediment |
||||||||||||
|
Stat |
pH |
EC |
Al |
Ca |
Fe |
P |
S |
La |
Ce |
Nd |
Gd |
Y |
|
mean |
6.35 |
8.55 |
18000 |
3700 |
33300 |
589 |
6390 |
20.3 |
39.6 |
15.9 |
3.33 |
9.22 |
|
sd |
1.13 |
41.1 |
13000 |
4000 |
22500 |
601 |
7840 |
17.7 |
39.3 |
15 |
2.63 |
9.57 |
|
0% |
3.49 |
0.014 |
888 |
470 |
1560 |
26 |
225 |
1 |
2.2 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
|
50% |
6.64 |
0.985 |
14100 |
2200 |
32700 |
389 |
3910 |
13.4 |
24.8 |
10.6 |
2.22 |
4.8 |
|
100% |
8.27 |
280 |
64400 |
21600 |
88000 |
2800 |
40900 |
87 |
183 |
70 |
12 |
45 |
|
Table 5: Basic statistics for Lake
Sediment |
||||||||||||
|
Stat |
pH |
EC |
Al |
Ca |
Fe |
P |
S |
La |
Ce |
Nd |
Gd |
Y |
|
mean |
6.090 |
8.940 |
36,000 |
4,550 |
41,400 |
600 |
7,530 |
60.6 |
124.0 |
45.0 |
8.23 |
29.1 |
|
sd |
0.808 |
6.200 |
11,500 |
5,430 |
16,700 |
428 |
12,200 |
30.7 |
65.9 |
22.3 |
3.76 |
16.4 |
|
0% |
3.160 |
0.174 |
2,860 |
961 |
8,220 |
81 |
380 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
1.00 |
2.0 |
|
50% |
6.170 |
8.200 |
36,900 |
3,770 |
38,300 |
502 |
3,650 |
65.0 |
129.0 |
47.0 |
8.60 |
29.6 |
|
100% |
8.360 |
32.900 |
59,800 |
48,500 |
135,000 |
2,390 |
76,600 |
126.0 |
271.0 |
98.0 |
18.00 |
67.0 |
|
Table 6: Basic statistics for Saltmarsh |
||||||||||||
|
Stat |
pH |
EC |
Al |
Ca |
Fe |
P |
S |
La |
Ce |
Nd |
Gd |
Y |
|
mean |
5.670 |
15.30 |
30,900 |
3,120 |
48,600 |
961 |
3,860 |
47.2 |
94.7 |
38.4 |
6.88 |
21.7 |
|
sd |
0.694 |
18.20 |
11,500 |
4,250 |
23,600 |
1,120 |
5,510 |
20.3 |
47.1 |
17.7 |
2.72 |
10.8 |
|
0% |
4.350 |
0.12 |
6,070 |
584 |
11,900 |
85 |
281 |
6.2 |
6.0 |
5.9 |
2.00 |
3.2 |
|
50% |
5.700 |
11.50 |
31,900 |
1,960 |
41,400 |
540 |
2,780 |
52.0 |
107.0 |
42.0 |
7.00 |
22.8 |
|
100% |
7.240 |
135.00 |
53,800 |
31,400 |
130,000 |
7,020 |
42,300 |
93.4 |
218.0 |
95.7 |
16.80 |
53.4 |
|
Table 7: Shapiro-Wilk statistics and
p-values for untransformed (_orig) and transformed
(_log, _pow) variables, power terms, and dip test of multimodality of
log-transformed variable, from soil and sediment analysis at Ashfield Flats
Reserve 2019-2022. |
||||||||||
|
Variable |
W_orig |
p_orig |
W_log_tr |
p_log_tr |
W_pow_tr |
p_pow_tr |
PowEst |
PowRnd |
D_diptest |
p_diptest |
|
pH |
0.991 |
0.195 |
0.963 |
9.45e-06 |
0.994 |
0.545 |
1.47 |
1 |
0.0161 |
0.98 |
|
EC |
0.301 |
1.07e-28 |
0.934 |
1.09e-08 |
0.964 |
1.52e-05 |
0.18 |
0.18 |
0.023 |
0.574 |
|
Al |
0.974 |
0.00011 |
0.828 |
2.36e-16 |
0.975 |
0.000157 |
1.03 |
1 |
0.0175 |
0.889 |
|
As |
0.701 |
7.92e-21 |
0.986 |
0.0179 |
0.987 |
0.0255 |
0.0468 |
0 |
0.032 |
0.0706 |
|
Ba |
0.967 |
9.23e-06 |
0.934 |
1.96e-09 |
0.994 |
0.323 |
0.563 |
0.5 |
0.0234 |
0.424 |
|
Ca |
0.516 |
3.1e-26 |
0.982 |
0.00197 |
0.995 |
0.632 |
-0.206 |
-0.33 |
0.0115 |
0.996 |
|
Ce |
0.956 |
4.24e-07 |
0.907 |
1.08e-11 |
0.982 |
0.00197 |
0.501 |
0.5 |
0.018 |
0.858 |
|
Co |
0.659 |
1.31e-22 |
0.98 |
0.000842 |
0.98 |
0.000863 |
-0.00921 |
0 |
0.0203 |
0.687 |
|
Cr |
0.945 |
2.61e-08 |
0.766 |
4.73e-19 |
0.954 |
2.49e-07 |
1.2 |
1 |
0.0165 |
0.937 |
|
Cu |
0.774 |
1.91e-18 |
0.978 |
0.000521 |
0.982 |
0.00228 |
0.103 |
0 |
0.0144 |
0.991 |
|
Fe |
0.886 |
3.83e-13 |
0.827 |
2.07e-16 |
0.941 |
9.69e-09 |
0.579 |
0.5 |
0.0132 |
0.993 |
|
Gd |
0.972 |
6.15e-05 |
0.928 |
7.51e-10 |
0.988 |
0.0313 |
0.565 |
0.5 |
0.0252 |
0.314 |
|
K |
0.965 |
5.28e-06 |
0.821 |
1.04e-16 |
0.962 |
1.9e-06 |
0.815 |
0.815 |
0.0232 |
0.442 |
|
La |
0.962 |
1.98e-06 |
0.906 |
9.75e-12 |
0.987 |
0.0202 |
0.526 |
0.5 |
0.0171 |
0.913 |
|
Li |
0.968 |
1.55e-05 |
0.814 |
5.16e-17 |
0.961 |
1.73e-06 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.0289 |
0.133 |
|
Mg |
0.903 |
5.88e-12 |
0.874 |
7.02e-14 |
0.971 |
3.66e-05 |
0.558 |
0.5 |
0.0234 |
0.426 |
|
Mn |
0.283 |
1.18e-30 |
0.913 |
3.23e-11 |
0.935 |
2.52e-09 |
-0.167 |
-0.167 |
0.0128 |
0.994 |
Table 7 (continued).
|
Variable |
W_orig |
p_orig |
W_log_tr |
p_log_tr |
W_pow_tr |
p_pow_tr |
PowEst |
PowRnd |
D_diptest |
p_diptest |
|
Mo |
0.85 |
4.05e-15 |
0.966 |
8.38e-06 |
0.989 |
0.039 |
0.229 |
0.33 |
0.0485 |
0.000151 |
|
Na |
0.788 |
3.8e-18 |
0.879 |
1.55e-13 |
0.971 |
3.21e-05 |
0.366 |
0.33 |
0.0324 |
0.0492 |
|
Nd |
0.968 |
1.26e-05 |
0.887 |
4.67e-13 |
0.983 |
0.00295 |
0.58 |
0.5 |
0.0263 |
0.239 |
|
Ni |
0.981 |
0.00146 |
0.89 |
1.18e-12 |
0.98 |
0.0012 |
0.909 |
1 |
0.0286 |
0.157 |
|
P |
0.618 |
9.53e-24 |
0.971 |
4.19e-05 |
0.973 |
6.1e-05 |
0.0438 |
0 |
0.0133 |
0.993 |
|
Pb |
0.404 |
1.61e-28 |
0.952 |
1.28e-07 |
0.959 |
9.91e-07 |
-0.0991 |
-0.0991 |
0.0153 |
0.976 |
|
S |
0.49 |
8.54e-27 |
0.984 |
0.00506 |
0.987 |
0.0172 |
-0.0664 |
0 |
0.0191 |
0.782 |
|
Sr |
0.712 |
5.61e-21 |
0.964 |
4.15e-06 |
0.983 |
0.00336 |
0.222 |
0.33 |
0.0185 |
0.824 |
|
Th |
0.963 |
3.52e-06 |
0.79 |
5.63e-18 |
0.964 |
3.63e-06 |
1 |
1 |
0.0272 |
0.196 |
|
V |
0.914 |
4.19e-11 |
0.723 |
1.39e-20 |
0.943 |
1.39e-08 |
1.44 |
1.44 |
0.0203 |
0.68 |
|
Y |
0.944 |
1.88e-08 |
0.923 |
1.97e-10 |
0.984 |
0.00602 |
0.444 |
0.5 |
0.0174 |
0.897 |
|
Zn |
0.428 |
7.06e-28 |
0.967 |
1.19e-05 |
0.967 |
1.23e-05 |
-0.00973 |
0 |
0.0243 |
0.372 |
Most variables except pH are not normally distributed
(Table 7). No
variables have normal distributions when log10-transformed.
A few variables have normal distributions when power-transformed: pH, Ba, &
Ca. The non-normal distributions of variables, even when transformed, suggest
non-parametric tests are required e.g. for means
comparisons).
This
is worth doing to see if there is more than one population of samples based on
salinity (assuming the main source of Na to aqua regia
digests is halite).
The
resulting map (Figure 2) shows
a smaller population of low-Na locations, corresponding with where low salinity
would be expected (i.e.
away from tidal influence, and/or where evaporative concentration of Na salts
is unlikely).

Figure 2: Density histograms
for potentially multi-modal variables.

Figure 3: Map of wetland pond
locations at Ashfield Flats comparing naming systems.

Figure 4: Map of sampling
zones at Ashfield Flats 2019-2022
Comparing
means (strictly mean rank sums) between sampling zones (the factor ZoneSimp) as this seems most
appropriate. As shown in Table 8, all overall
effects are significant at p<0.001. Some post-hoc pairwise comparisons show
significant differences (P$$0.05), differing for each variable.
|
Table 8: Mean comparisons and pairwise letter comparisons from
Kruskal-Wallis and pairwise Conover test for selected elements including
REEs (REE = ∑REE), by simplified sampling zone, at Ashfield Flats 2019-2022. |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
Pairwise Compact Letters |
||||||||||
|
Variable |
KW χ² |
KW p |
CMD |
KMD |
LP |
N |
NE |
NW |
S |
SE |
SM |
SW |
WD |
|
Al |
119.6 |
6.21e-21 |
abc |
abcd |
a |
e |
d |
bcd |
d |
bde |
d |
bcd |
ac |
|
Ca |
117.7 |
1.52e-20 |
ab |
abcde |
cde |
c |
ad |
ade |
ce |
abd |
b |
cde |
cde |
|
Fe |
66.56 |
2.03e-10 |
ab |
ac |
c |
ab |
abd |
ac |
d |
abcd |
ab |
bd |
ac |
|
K |
139.6 |
4.99e-25 |
a |
ab |
a |
c |
bd |
a |
cd |
c |
bd |
bcd |
a |
|
Na |
155.1 |
3.25e-28 |
a |
abc |
bcd |
e |
de |
ab |
f |
cde |
cd |
f |
a |
|
S |
107.4 |
1.81e-18 |
ab |
cd |
ae |
abc |
d |
ae |
ae |
abcd |
d |
e |
bcd |
|
P |
69.1 |
6.62e-11 |
ab |
a |
bcd |
cd |
cd |
ab |
c |
bcd |
ab |
bcd |
abd |
|
As |
83.97 |
8.34e-14 |
a |
abc |
b |
a |
abc |
ac |
d |
abc |
b |
abc |
bc |
|
Co |
70.05 |
4.34e-11 |
abc |
a |
bcde |
de |
abc |
bcde |
d |
bcde |
ab |
abce |
cde |
|
Cr |
128.6 |
9.13e-23 |
ab |
abc |
a |
d |
ce |
ab |
ce |
de |
ce |
bcde |
a |
|
Cu |
127.6 |
1.41e-22 |
ab |
cd |
acd |
e |
be |
c |
e |
be |
ad |
abcd |
c |
|
Ni |
124.6 |
5.89e-22 |
ab |
a |
a |
c |
d |
ab |
d |
cd |
d |
bd |
a |
|
Pb |
71.35 |
2.43e-11 |
abc |
abcd |
d |
a |
a |
bd |
a |
ac |
bc |
abcd |
bd |
|
Th |
103.4 |
1.12e-17 |
abc |
abde |
c |
de |
de |
ac |
bd |
e |
de |
abde |
c |
|
Zn |
150.4 |
3.15e-27 |
a |
ab |
cd |
e |
a |
cd |
cde |
acde |
b |
ace |
d |
|
La |
139.2 |
6.06e-25 |
abc |
abcd |
a |
e |
ef |
abc |
bd |
bcdf |
d |
bcd |
ac |
|
Ce |
143.4 |
8.27e-26 |
abc |
abcde |
a |
f |
df |
abc |
bc |
bde |
e |
bce |
ac |
|
Nd |
141.1 |
2.47e-25 |
ab |
abc |
a |
d |
cd |
ab |
b |
bcd |
c |
bc |
a |
|
Gd |
133.1 |
1.06e-23 |
abc |
abcd |
a |
e |
ef |
abc |
bd |
bdf |
d |
bcdf |
ac |
|
Y |
140.6 |
3.19e-25 |
ab |
abc |
a |
d |
de |
ab |
bc |
bce |
c |
bce |
a |
|
REE |
132.3 |
1.58e-23 |
ab |
abcd |
a |
e |
ce |
ab |
bd |
bcd |
d |
abd |
ab |

Figure
5: Sum of REE concentrations by sampling zone at Ashfield Flats for all
sampling years. Different colours show environment
sub-types, and means are different (p<0.05, Kruskal-Wallis) if italic text
below x-axis labels has no common letters.
The greatest concentrations of ∑REE are in the north and northeast wetland pond sediments (SW05 (N) and SW06 (NE) in McGrath 2021, see Figure 5). The pattern of ∑REE means across zones is similar to that for Al in Figure 6.

Figure
6: Al concentrations by sampling zone at Ashfield Flats for all sampling years.
Different colours show environment sub-types, and
means are different (p<0.05, Kruskal-Wallis) if italic text below x-axis
labels has no common letters.

Figure 7: Map of REE
concentrations by location at Ashfield Flats for all sampling years.

Figure 8: Map of Al
concentrations by location at Ashfield Flats for all sampling years.

Figure 9: Boxplots of REEs
and selected major and trace elements by sample type at Ashfield Flats for all
sampling years (DS = Drain sediment; Fl = Flooded; LS = Lake Sediment; SM =
Saltmarsh; So = Soil).

Figure
10: Boxplots of REEs by sampling Zone at Ashfield Flats for all sampling years
(DS = Drain sediment; Fl = Flooded; LS = Lake Sediment; SM = Saltmarsh; So =
Soil).

Figure 11: Boxplots of
selected major elements by sampling Zone at Ashfield Flats for all sampling
years.

Figure
12: Boxplots of selected major elements by sampling Zone at Ashfield Flats for
all sampling years (CMD = Chapman Drain, KMD = Kitchener Drain, LP = Limestone
path, N = North wetland pond, NE = North-east wetland pond, NW = North-west
wetland pond, S = South wetlands / side drain, SE = South-east wetland pond, SM
= Saltmarsh (east of CMD), SW = South-west wetland pond, WD = Woolcock Drain).

Figure 13: Scatter plot
matrix for log10-transformed elements at Ashfield Flats for all
sampling years.

Figure
14: REE-Al relationships at Ashfield Flats for all sampling years.

Figure 15: REE-Fe
relationships at Ashfield Flats for all sampling years.

Figure 16: REE-P
relationships at Ashfield Flats for all sampling years.
## Untransformed:## Al Ca Fe P S La Ce Nd Gd Cu Pb Th Zn## 1 9000 5180 28800 630 32400 8.4 11.4 4.7 1.24 19.0 31.1 2.1 4180## 2 37100 3280 44700 544 17900 48.6 93.0 36.6 6.51 75.8 43.2 15.7 1220## 3 28700 4430 48600 419 13900 41.5 81.6 32.5 5.73 54.7 32.0 15.3 418## 4 33900 2840 53100 533 9880 41.9 81.0 33.1 5.90 62.9 41.8 18.6 270## 5 31200 3050 71500 744 8540 41.5 82.9 34.9 6.90 50.5 34.7 12.4 173## 6 34800 4220 38400 465 8910 35.4 72.5 29.0 5.39 58.3 36.9 16.0 176## ## CLR-transformed:## Al Ca Fe P S La Ce Nd Gd Cu Pb Th Zn## 1 4.70 4.15 5.86 2.040 5.98 -2.28 -1.970 -2.86 -4.19 -1.460 -0.969 -3.66 3.930## 2 5.28 2.86 5.47 1.060 4.55 -1.36 -0.708 -1.64 -3.37 -0.913 -1.480 -2.49 1.860## 3 5.20 3.34 5.73 0.978 4.48 -1.33 -0.658 -1.58 -3.31 -1.060 -1.590 -2.33 0.976## 4 5.23 2.75 5.68 1.080 4.00 -1.47 -0.806 -1.70 -3.43 -1.060 -1.470 -2.28 0.396## 5 5.31 2.99 6.14 1.580 4.02 -1.31 -0.619 -1.48 -3.10 -1.110 -1.490 -2.52 0.116## 6 5.47 3.36 5.57 1.160 4.11 -1.42 -0.702 -1.62 -3.30 -0.920 -1.380 -2.21 0.186

Figure 17: Scatter plot
matrix of CLR-transformed elements at Ashfield Flats for all sampling years.

Figure 18: Scatter plot
matrix of CLR-transformed elements at Ashfield Flats for all sampling years.

Figure 19: REE-Al
relationships (concentrations CLR-transformed) at Ashfield Flats for all
sampling years.
## Importance of components:## PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7## Standard deviation 2.8922 1.4590 1.4110 1.19798 1.02381 0.9101 0.82625## Proportion of Variance 0.4403 0.1120 0.1048 0.07554 0.05517 0.0436 0.03593## Cumulative Proportion 0.4403 0.5523 0.6571 0.73263 0.78780 0.8314 0.86733## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 PC13 PC14## Standard deviation 0.72077 0.71313 0.67446 0.51658 0.44520 0.41887 0.36647## Proportion of Variance 0.02734 0.02677 0.02394 0.01405 0.01043 0.00923 0.00707## Cumulative Proportion 0.89467 0.92144 0.94538 0.95942 0.96986 0.97909 0.98616## PC15 PC16 PC17 PC18 PC19## Standard deviation 0.3515 0.24809 0.18308 0.17264 0.12075## Proportion of Variance 0.0065 0.00324 0.00176 0.00157 0.00077## Cumulative Proportion 0.9927 0.99590 0.99766 0.99923 1.00000

bp12 <- fviz_pca_biplot(af_pca, geom="point",col.ind = data0$Type, title = "Dimensions 1, 2", axes = c(1,2)) + theme_bw()bp23 <- fviz_pca_biplot(af_pca, geom="point",col.ind = data0$Type, title = "Dimensions 2, 3", axes = c(2,3)) + theme_bw()ggarrange(bp12,bp23,ncol=2)

Figure 20: Principal
components biplot for 2019-2022 Ashfield data grouped by sample Type.
bp12 <- fviz_pca_biplot(af_pca, col.ind = data0$Zone, title="PC1 & PC2 by Zone", geom="point", lwd = 2, axes = c(1,2), palette=rainbow(nlevels(data0$Zone),v=0.7,end=0.75)) + theme_bw()bp23 <- fviz_pca_biplot(af_pca, col.ind = data0$Zone, title="PC2 & PC3 by Zone", geom="point", lwd=2, axes = c(2,3), palette=rainbow(nlevels(data0$Zone),v=0.7,end=0.75)) + theme_bw()ggarrange(bp12, bp23, nrow = 1)

Figure 21: Principal
components biplot for 2019-2022 Ashfield data grouped by sampling Zone.
bp12 <- fviz_pca_biplot(af_pca, col.ind = data0$ZoneSimp, title="PC1 & PC2 by ZoneSimp", geom="point", lwd=2, axes = c(1,2), palette=rainbow(nlevels(data0$ZoneSimp),v=0.7,end=0.75)) + theme_bw()bp23 <- fviz_pca_biplot(af_pca, col.ind = data0$ZoneSimp, title="PC2 & PC3 by ZoneSimp", geom="point", lwd=2, axes = c(2,3), palette=rainbow(nlevels(data0$ZoneSimp),v=0.7,end=0.75)) + theme_bw()ggarrange(bp12, bp23, nrow = 1)

Figure 22: Principal
components biplot for 2019-2022 Ashfield data grouped by simplified sampling
Zone.
McGrath,
G. S. (2021). Ashfield Flats Hydrological Study: Summary Report. Kensington,
Western Australia, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions
(Government of Western Australia). http://www.dbca.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-12/Ashfield%20Flats%20summary%20report.pdf